صيغة المصدر .. في درس واحد

[حزم الظامي]

* المصدر هو الشكل الأساسي للفعل .

* يستخدم المصدر مع to أو بدون to .

It's time to go

Did you see the accident happen ?

أولا – المصدر مع to

* نستخدم to + المصدر بعد أفعال معينة :

agree - arrange - attempt - be - can afford - choose - dare - decide - expect - fail - forget - have - hope – learn – manage – need – offer -
ought - plan - prepare - promise - refuse - seem - used - wish

I want to stay

We decided to wait for the bus

I hope to get a job near hear

I have arranged to look at a flat tomorrow

We agreed to leave early

She expected to go to Paris for the summer

I forgot to phone my mother

** لاحظ النفي :

We decided not to wait for the bus

It was silly of Peter not to tell anyone

** نستخدم to + مصدر بعد الصفات .

I was pleased to see them again

I’m surprised to hear you say that

The game was exciting to watch

It would be more interesting to go out

This piano is too heavy to move

It’s good of you to come

It’s too hot to go out

** نستخدم to + مصدر بعد أسماء وضمائر معينة لكي نبين

ما يجب عمله معها أو كيف يجب استخدامهم .

( Have you got a book to read ? ( = a book you can read )

( You will need something to eat . ( = something you can eat

( I have some letters to ite . ( = letters I must ite

I have got some housework to do

Is there anyone else to see ?

Have we got enough money to go to the cinema ?

She has a plane to catch

I have nothing to say

Who wants something to eat ?

** ونستخدم to + مصدر بعد فعل + مفعول .

They expect us to arrive at seven

Andy’s father won’t allow him to use the car

I persuaded my boss to pay me more money

Jill’s aunt invited her to stay for the weekend

Someone asked me not to leave the car there

Do you want me to cook the dinner ?

** لاحظ هذه الأفعال التي يمكن أن يأتي بعدها مفعول + المصدر مع to :

allow – persuade – expect – invite – tell – ask – want – warn – advise –
remind – teach – force

** نستخدم to + المصدر بعد فعل مبني للمجهول .

The cashier was forced to hand over the money

Everyone was made to take the exam

I was told to take the pills before meals

** لاحظ أن الفعل let لا يستخدم في المبني للمجهول ونستخدم الفعل allow بدلا منه .

The manager let Mr. Jones leave early

Mr. Jones was allowed to leave early

** نستخدم to + مصدر بعد :

اسم + صفة + that / it / there + to be

That was a stupid thing to do

It was strange thing to say

There are other people to see

** نستخدم to+ مصدر بعد :

صفة + it + to be

وفي هذه الحالة نستخدم أحيانا : of you – of him - of them

It was nice of you to come

It was kind of them to send me money

It was good to see them again

It was difficult to drive the car with one hand

* ونستخدم to + مصدر بعد أدوات الاستفهام .

I don’t know how to open this bottle
( = how can I open this bottle )

Can you tell me where to buy a ticket
( = where I can buy a ticket )

Do you know what to say ?

( = What you should say )

I’ve no idea which bus to take
( = which bus I must take )

I can’t decide whether to go or not
( = whether I should go or not )

ثانيا : المصدر بدون to :

** نستخدم المصدر بدون to بعد الأفعال الناقصة .. ( مثل : must – will - can ) .

I must finish this homework

Mary can speak French

I will read a book this evening

** نستخدم المصدر بدون to بعد الأفعال : make – let + اسم أو ضمير .

Our English teacher makes us work very hard

He made me do it

They made me stay at home

The government made companies hold down wage increases

We let them go home

They let the workers have only a 5 % increase

Do you think the school will make me pay extra ?

Do you think the government will let me leave the country ?

** نستخدم المصدر بدون to بعد الأفعال : hear – feel - watch – see

+ اسم أو ضمير لكي نتحدث عن فعل كامل ( من البداية إلي النهاية ) .

I saw him arrive

We saw a group of people climb the hill

I saw the dog jump through the window

We watched them go

We watched her get out of the car

I heard them leave at eleven o’clock

We heard a man shout

I felt him move

I felt the animal move

*** لاحظ أيضا أن هذه الأفعال يمكن أن يأتي بعدها فعل مضافا إليه ing

لكي نتحدث عن جزء من فعل وليس فعل كامل من البداية إلي النهاية .

I saw him arriving

We saw a group of people climbing the hill

We heard a man shouting

** ونستخدم المصدر بدون to بعد had better و would rather .

I had better do it tonight , although I would rather go out

I had better talk to your parents

Would you rather do something than just sit ?