الدرس الثامن
بالرغم من انه ما فيه اي تفاعل بس يالله ما يضر نواصل وامباينه وقت الاختبارات
Verb + 'ing' OR Verb + Infinitive
When two verbs are used together, the second verb is often in the gerund form (-ing) or the infinitive. There are no specific rules concerning which verbs take which form. Like irregular verbs, you will need to learn which form a verb takes.
Common Verbs + 'ing'
go
enjoy
quit
discuss
mind
can't stand
suggest
Examples:
They go jogging on Saturdays.
I don't mind helping you.
They can't stand driving in traffic jams.
Common Verbs + Infinitive
promise
plan
refuse
want
need
decide
hope
Examples:
I promised to help him.
Alice needs to start that task.
He decided to quit his job.
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الدرس التاسع
Use the present simple to talk about activities or routines which take place on a regular basis.
Positive Sentences Subject + present conjugation of verb + objects
I / You drive to work every day.
She / He / It drives to work every day.
You / We / They drive to work every day.
Negative Sentences
Subject + do not + base form of verb + objects
I / You don't (do not) use a computer every day.
She / He / It doesn't ( does not) use a computer at work. It
You / We / They don't (do not) use a typeiter at work.
Question Form
Wh? + do + subject + base form of verb ?
When do I / you arrive at work?
What does he / she / it use at work?
Where do we / you / they keep the paper?
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الدرس العاسر
Modals are verbs that modify other verbs. The most common modals are:
Can
Should
Must
Note that all subjects take the same form of the modal.
Positive
Subject + Modal + Base Form of Verb + Objects
Examples
He can play the piano.
I must leave soon.
Negative
Subject + Modal + Not + Base Form of Verb + Objects
Examples
They can't visit next week.
You shouldn't go to that film.
Question
Modal + Subject + Base Form of Verb + Objects
Examples
Can you help me?
What should I do?
Giving Advice with Should
'Should' is used when asking for or giving advice. It is also used when asking for suggestions.
Examples
I think you should see a doctor.
What type of job should I get?
Expressing Ability with Can
'Can' is used to speak abilities.
Examples
He can speak Japanese.
Can you play golf?
Asking for Permission with May
'May' is used to ask for permission.
Examples
May I help you?
May I visit you this afternoon?
NOTE: In spoken English, 'Can I ...?' is often used instead of 'May I ...?'
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الدرس الحادي عشر
The future with 'Will' is used in a variety of situations discussing the future. Use the following forms with 'will'. Notice that 'will' or 'won't' is used for ALL subjects.
Positive
Subject + will + base form of verb + object(s)
Negative
Subject + will + not + base form of verb + object(s)
Question
(Question Word) + will + subject + base form of verb?
Used for spontaneous decisions. Spontaneous decisions are decisions made AT the moment of speaking.
Examples
Jack's hungry. I'll make her a sandwich.
That's difficult! I'll help you with the problem.
Used for predictions:
Examples
It will snow tomorrow.
She won't win the game.
Used for scheduled public events
Examples
The concert will begin at 8 o'clock.
When will the train leave?
The class won't start next week.
Used for promises
Examples
Will you marry me?
I'll help you with your homework after class.
Future with 'Going to'
The future with 'going to' is used to speak about future intentions or plans made before the present moment. Use the following forms with 'going to'.
Positive
Subject + to be + going to + base form of verb + object(s)
Negative
Subject + to be + not + going to + base form of verb + object(s)
Question
(Question Word) + to be + subject + going to + base form of verb?
Examples We are going to study French next semester.
Where are you going to stay in France?
She isn't going to take a vacation this year.
Used for planned decisions. Planned decisions are decisions made BEFORE the moment of speaking.
Examples
I'm going to study Languages at university next year.
We're going to stay at the Hilton in New York next week.
Used for predicting an action that you see is about to happen:
Examples
Watch out! You're going to hit that car!
Look at those clouds. It's going to rain.
Used for future intentions:
Examples
I'm going to be a policeman when I grow up.
Katherine is going to study English when she goes to University.
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الدرس الثاني عشر
Countable and Uncountable
Uncountable
Use the singular form of the verb with uncountable nouns. Use both 'some' and any' with uncountable nouns when speaking about specific objects.
Examples
Do you have any butter?
There is some juice in the bottle.
If you are speaking in general, do not use a modifier.
Examples
Do you drink coca cola?
He doesn't eat meat.
Countable
Use the plural form of the verb with countable nouns. Use both 'some' and 'any' with countable nouns when speaking about specific objects.
Examples
There are some magazines on the table.
Has he got any friends?
If you are speaking in general, use the plural form of the noun.
Examples
They love books by Hemingway.
She doesn't eat apples.
Expressions for Use with Countable and Uncountable Nouns
Use the following expressions with uncountable nouns.
most
much, lots of, a lot of
some
a little, little
Examples
There is lots of interest in the project.
She's got some money left in the bank.
There's little time to finish.
Use the following expressions with countable nouns.
many, lots of, a lot of
several
some
not many, only a few, few
Examples
There are a lot of pictures on the wall.
We have several friends in Chicago.
She bought some envelopes this afternoon.
There are only a few people in the restaurant.
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